A new flow model for highly separated airfoil flows at low speeds

An analytical model for separated airfoil flows is presented which is based on experimentally observed physical phenomena. These include a free stagnation point aft of the airfoil and a standing vortex in the separated region. A computer program is described which iteratively matches the outer potential flow, the airfoil turbulent boundary layer, the separated jet entrainment, mass conservation in the separated bubble, and the rear stagnation pressure. Separation location and pressure are not specified a priori. Results are presented for surface pressure coefficient and compared with experiment for three angles of attack for a GA(W)-1, 17% thick airfoil

An analytical model for highly seperated flow on airfoils at low speeds

A computer program was developed to solve the low speed flow around airfoils with highly separated flow. A new flow model included all of the major physical features in the separated region. Flow visualization tests also were made which gave substantiation to the validity of the model. The computation involves the matching of the potential flow, boundary layer and flows in the separated regions. Head's entrainment theory was used for boundary layer calculations and Korst's jet mixing analysis was used in the separated regions. A free stagnation point aft of the airfoil and a standing vortex in the separated region were modelled and computed

Human otoacariasis: a common outbreak in rubber growing belt of Karnataka.

Background/Objective: Soft tick in the ear is a very common acute painful and distressing condition in the flowering months of October to March. It’s a common condition in the rubber growing belt of Sullia.The mouthparts of the tick grips firmly the skin of the external auditory canal or the tympanic membrane and sucks blood and swells up. Otoscopy and removal of the tick from the ear can be done in outpatients in adults and difficult in a frightened irritable child.Materials and methods: 312 cases of intra-aural ticks presenting to the opd and casualty which included 131 males and 181 females were included in the study.Results: Out of the 312 cases of intra-aural ticks, 170 cases were treated in the outpatient and 140 cases under short general anesthesia with oto-microscopy.Conclusion: Intra-aural tick infestation is an acute painful condition which needs prompt management by an experienced otolaryngologist. Proper visualization and instrumentation is necessary to avoid complications.

Experimental validation of phase space conduits of transition between potential wells

A phase space boundary between transition and non-transition, similar to those observed in chemical reaction dynamics, is shown experimentally in a macroscopic system. We present a validation of the phase space flux across rank one saddles connecting adjacent potential wells and confirm the underlying phase space conduits that mediate the transition. Experimental regions of transition are found to agree with the theory to within 1\%, suggesting the robustness of phase space conduits of transition in a broad array of two or more degree of freedom experimental systems, despite the presence of small dissipation.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

COELACHNE GHATICA NAIK, SP. NOV.

Coelachne ghatiea Naik, a new species of grass is described from Western Ghats, India

Future of Sponge Iron in India and Plant Design Data

The author tries to foresee the future of Sponge Iron Making in India and forecasts that the metallurgical supremacy of Coke Ovens and Blast Furnaces for making iron will be challenged by Sponge Iron Making. During the last 20 years since the Basic Oxygen Furnace broke through the Steel Technology, the size of the vessels has increased from 5 Tons to 400 Tons and it is now the most economical steelmaking process. Nevertheless this will have a new competitor. Large' Sponge Iron Plants, supplying cheaper melting stock to Ultra-High-Powered Electric Arc Furnaces for making steel and shaping by multistrand continuous casting machines will be the order of the day. Pre-reduced pellets will be produced at the iron mines to utilise the fines. Mini-Steel Plants based on Sponge-iron with 20 per cent steel scrap will be dispersed throughout the country, where bulk power will be available from a National Grid fed by giant Thermal Power Stations located in regions where cod is not available. Design Data for a 50 T I day Sponge Iron Plant is given which would form main guide-lines for designers of big size plants

Near-infrared Observations of Be/X-ray Binary Pulsar A0535+262

We present results obtained from an extensive near-infrared spectroscopic and photometric observations of the Be/X-ray binary A0535+262/HDE 245770 at different phases of its ~111 day orbital period. This observation campaign is a part of the monitoring programme of selective Be/X-ray binary systems aimed at understanding the X-ray and near-IR properties at different orbital phases, especially during the periastron passage of the neutron star. The near-IR observations were carried out using the 1.2 m telescope at Mt. Abu IR observatory. Though the source was relatively faint for spectroscopic observations with 1.2 m telescope, we monitored the source during the 2011 February--March giant outburst to primarily investigate whether any drastic changes in the near-IR JHK spectra take place at the periastron passage. Changes of such a striking nature were expected to be detectable in our spectra. Photometric observations of the Be star show a gradual and systematic fading in the JHK light curves since the onset of the X-ray outburst that could suggest a mild evacuation/truncation of the circumstellar disc of the Be companion. Near-IR spectroscopy of the object shows that the JHK spectra are dominated by the emission lines of hydrogen Brackett and Paschen series and HeI lines at 1.0830, 1.7002 and 2.0585 micron. The presence of all hydrogen emission lines in the JHK spectra, along with the absence of any significant change in the continuum of the Be companion during X-ray quiescent and X-ray outburst phases suggest that the near-IR line emitting regions of the disc are not significantly affected during the X-ray outburst.Comment: 10 Pages, 5 Figures, Accepted for publication in Res. in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Environmental manipulations generate bidirectional shifts in both behavior and gene regulation in a crossbred mouse model of extremes in trait anxiety

Although gene-environment interactions are known to significantly influence psychopathology related disease states, only few animal models cover both the genetic background and environmental manipulations. Therefore, we have taken advantage of the bidirectionally inbred high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior mouse lines to generate HAB x LAB F1 hybrids that intrinsically carry both lines' genetic characteristics, and subsequently raised them in three different environments standard, enriched (EE) and chronic mild stress (CMS). Assessing genetic correlates of trait anxiety, we focused on two genes already known to play a role in HAB vs. LAB mice, corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1 (Crhr1) and high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 3 (Hmgn3). While EE F1 mice showed decreased anxiety related and increased explorative behaviors compared to controls, CMS sparked effects in the opposite direction. However, environmental treatments affected the expression of the two genes in distinct ways. Thus, while expression ratios of Hmgn3 between the HAB- and LAB-specific alleles remained equal, total expression resembled the one observed in HAB vs. LAB mice, i.e., decreased after EE and increased after CMS treatment. On the other hand, while total expression of Crhr1 remained unchanged between the groups, the relative expression of HAB- and LAB-specific alleles showed a clear effect following the environmental modifications. Thus, the environmentally driven bidirectional shift of trait anxiety in this F1 model strongly correlated with Hmgn3 expression, irrespective of allele-specific expression patterns that retained the proportions of basic differential HAB vs. LAB expression, making this gene a match for environment-induced modifications. An involvement of Crhr1 in the bidirectional behavioral shift could, however, rather be due to different effects of the HAB- and LAB specific alleles described here. Both candidate genes therefore deserve attention in the complex regulation of anxiety-related phenotypes including environment-mediated effects